Сигаури-Горский Е.Р. Дхамматат в истории правовой традиции Мьянмы (Бирмы)

Научная статья
УДК 340.141
https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.10.34
 

Дхамматат в истории правовой традиции Мьянмы (Бирмы)

 
Егор Русланович Сигаури-Горский
Институт Китая и современной Азии Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия,
gyers91@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-3065
 
Аннотация. Традиционное бирманское право, испытав масштабное влияние индуисткой и буддийской правовой традиций, воплотилось в нескольких правовых источниках, сложившихся вместе с судебной системой и юридической профессией в Бирме к XII в. Наиболее важным и своеобразным из источников традиционного бирманского права является дхамматат, который нельзя в полной мере отнести ни к одному из известных европейской правовой традиции источников права, однако он имеет качественные характеристики практически всех из них. Данный источник права регулировал преимущественно вопросы гражданско-правового характера, включая семейные отношения и вопросы наследования. Бирманские короли могли изменять их положения и составлять новые экземпляры, однако традиционно подчеркивали незыблемый и священный характер этих правовых текстов, активно побуждая судей изучать и использовать их как руководства к разрешению конкретных споров. Современная правовая система Мьянмы признает дхамматат источником обычного права и разрешает его применение в регулировании некоторых частноправовых отношений, что демонстрирует глубокую укорененность данного источника права в правовой культуре бирманцев.
Ключевые слова: Мьянма, Бирма, история права, источники права, дхамматат, обычное право, буддийская правовая традиция
Финансирование: инициативная работа.
Для цитирования: Сигаури-Горский Е.Р. Дхамматат в истории правовой традиции Мьянмы (Бирмы) // Теория и практика общественного развития. 2025. № 10. С. 284–289. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.10.34.
 
Original article
 

Dhammasattha in the History of Myanmar’s (Burma’s) Legal Tradition

 
Egor R. Sigauri-Gorskii
Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
gyers91@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-3065
 
Abstract. Traditional Burmese law, profoundly influenced by Hindu and Buddhist legal traditions, materialized in a constellation of legal sources. These sources, along with a formalized judicial system and legal profession, had coalesced in Burma by the 12^th century. Preeminent and unique among these traditional Burmese legal sources is the Dhammasattha (also spelled Dhammathat), which defies precise categorization within established European legal tradition frameworks. However, it exhibits qualitative characteristics akin to virtually all constituent elements thereof. This corpus primarily governed civil law matters, encompassing familial relations and inheritance regulations. While Burmese monarchs retained the prerogative to amend extant provisions and promulgate novellae, they conventionally emphasized the immutable and sacrosanct nature of these legal texts. Moreover, they actively encouraged judicial officers to study and employ them as authoritative guides in adjudicating specific disputes. The modern law system of Myanmar acknowledges the Dhammasattha as a source of customary law and permits its application in regulating delimited areas of private law. This continued relevance underscores the deeply entrenched nature of this legal source in the Burmese legal culture.
Keywords: Myanmar, Burma, history of law, source of law, Dhammasattha, customary law, Buddhist legal tradition
Funding: Independent work.
For citation: Sigauri-Gorskii, E.R. (2025) Dhammasattha in the History of Myanmar’s (Burma’s) Legal Tradition. Theory and Practice of Social Development. (10), 284–289. Available from: doi:10.24158/tipor.2025.10.34 (In Russian)

© Сигаури-Горский Е.Р., 2025

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