Гудкова Я.А. Теоретическое обоснование концептуализации феномена джентрификации

Научная статья
УДК 316.334.56
https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.10.11
 

Теоретическое обоснование концептуализации феномена джентрификации

 
Яна Александровна Гудкова
Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы, Москва, Россия,
gudkova_yaa@pfur.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-9309
 
Аннотация. Статья посвящена теоретическому осмыслению феномена джентрификации как сложного и многомерного процесса, включающего культурные, социальные и экономические механизмы городской трансформации. Теоретическая проблематика состоит в том, что джентрификацию часто понимают как синоним «облагораживания», что сужает представление о возможных последствиях феномена. При этом джентрификация является одной из форм социально-пространственной дифференциации и постепенно становится актуальной проблемой в российских городах. Проанализированы два ключевых объяснительных подхода – либеральный и марксистский – и их взаимосвязь с социальными изменениями и пространственной динамикой городов. Особое внимание уделено маргинальным формам джентрификации и концепции «креативного класса», включая критический анализ социальных последствий, таких как усиление неравенства и вытеснение уязвимых групп. Работа подчеркивает необходимость адаптации западных теоретических моделей к постсоветским городам и открывает перспективы дальнейших исследований, включая изучение локальных проявлений джентрификации, анализ взаимодействия культурных и экономических факторов и разработку новых концептуальных моделей, учитывающих региональные и исторические особенности.
Ключевые слова: джентрификация, социальная дифференциация, городская сегрегация, социология города, урбанизация, социальные конфликты, городское пространство, креативный класс
Финансирование: инициативная работа.
Для цитирования: Гудкова Я.А. Теоретическое обоснование концептуализации феномена джентрификации // Теория и практика общественного развития. 2025. № 10. С. 98–103. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.10.11.
 
Original article
 

Theoretical Foundations of Gentrification: Conceptual Analysis

 
Yana A. Gudkova
RUDN University, Moscow, Russia,
gudkova_yaa@pfur.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-9309
 
Abstract. The study examines the theoretical conceptualization of gentrification as a complex and multidimensional process encompassing cultural, social, and economic mechanisms of urban transformation. The aim of the study is to address the theoretical problem wherein gentrification is frequently misconstrued as synonymous with “refinement” or “upgrading”, thereby narrowing the understanding of its potential ramifications. It is emphasized that gentrification represents one of the forms of socio-spatial differentiation and is gradually becoming as a pertinent issue in Russian cities. Two key explanatory approaches – liberal and Marxist – and their relationship to social change and urban spatial dynamics are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to marginal forms of gentrification and the concept of the “creative class”, incorporating a critical examination of social consequences such as exacerbated inequality and the displacement of vulnerable groups. The work highlights the need to adapt Western theoretical models to post-Soviet cities and opens up opportunities for further research, including the study of local manifestations of gentrification, the analysis of the interaction between cultural and economic factors, and the development of new conceptual models that take into account regional and historical specifics.
Keywords: gentrification, social differentiation, urban segregation, urban sociology, urbanization, social conflicts, urban space, creative class
Funding: Independent work.
For citation: Gudkova, Ya.A. (2025) Theoretical Foundations of Gentrification: Conceptual Analysis. Theory and Practice of Social Development. (10), 98–103. Available from: doi:10.24158/tipor.2025.10.11 (In Russian)

© Гудкова Я.А., 2025

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References:
 
Bostic, R. W. & Martin, R. W. (2003) Black Homeowners as a Gentrifying Force? Neighbourhood Dynamics in the Context of Minority Homeownership. Urban Studies. 40 (12), 2427–2449. Available from: doi:10.1080/0042098032000136147.
Clark, E. (2005) The Order and Simplicity of Gentrification: a Political Challenge. In: Gentrification in a Global Context: The New Urban Colonialism. London, pp. 256–264. Available from: doi:10.4324/9780203392089_chapter_16.
Florida, R. Cities and the Creative Class. New York. 216 р. Available from: doi:10.1111/1540-6040.00034.
Glass, R. L. (1964) London: Aspects of Change. London. 352 p.
Glazychev, V. L. (2011) Gorod bez granic [The city without borders]. Moscow. 400 p. (In Russian)
Lees, L. (2003) Super Gentrification: The Case of Brooklyn Heights, New York City. Urban Studies. 40 (12), 2487–2509. Available from: doi:10.1080/0042098032000136174.
Lees, L., Slater, T. & Wyly, E. (2008) Gentrification. New York. 344 p. Available from: doi:10.4324/9780203940877.
Lendri, Ch. (2006) Kreativnyj gorod [Creative city]. Moscow. 399 p. (In Russian)
Ley, D. (1987) Styles of the Times: Liberal and Neo-Conservative Landscapes in Inner Vancouver, 1968–1986. Journal of Historical Geography. 13 (1), 40–56. Available from: doi:10.1016/s0305-7488(87)80005-1.
Ley, D. (1996) The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City. Oxford. 383 p. Available from: doi:10.1093/oso/9780198232926.001.0001.
Lopez-Morales, E. (2019) Gentrification. In: The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies. New York, pp. 1–11. Available from: doi:10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0118.
Mendes, L. (2013) Marginal Gentrification as Emancipatory Practice: An Alternative to the Hegemonic Discourse of the Creative City? RCCS Annual Review. 5, 140–158. Available from: doi:10.4000/rccsar.513.
Osman, S. (2016) What Time is Gentrification? City & Community. 15 (3), 215–219. Available from: doi:10.1111/cico.12186.
Phe, H. H. & Wakely, P. (2000) Status, Quality and the Other Trade-off: Towards a New Theory of Urban Residential Location. Urban Studies. 37 (1), 7–35. Available from: doi:10.1080/0042098002276.
Rinn, M., Wehrheim, J. & Wiese, L. (2022) How Tenants’ Reactions to Rent Increases Affect Displacement: An Interactionist Approach to Gentrification. Urban Studies. 59 (15), 3060–3076. Available from: doi:10.1177/00420980221078212.
Savage, M. & Warde, A. (1993) Urban Sociology, Capitalism and Modernity. London. 220 p. Available from: doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22991-8.
Smith, N. (1979) Toward a Theory of Gentrification: A Back to the City Movement by Capital Not People. Journal of the American Planning Association. 45, 538–548. Available from: doi:10.1080/01944367908977002.
Smith, N. (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London. 288 p. Available from: doi:10.4324/9780203975640.
Stil, K. (2014) Golodnyj gorod: Kak eda opredelyaet nashu zhizn [Hungry City: How food shapes our lives]. Moscow. 456 p. (In Russian)
Vavilina, N. D. & Shpigunova, Yu. M. 2024) Gentrification in Russia as a Social Process and a Social Problem. Razvitie territorij. (1 (35)), 37–49. Available from: doi:10.32324/2412-8945-2024-1-37-49. (In Russian)
Vorobyev, D. & Campbell, T. (2008) Anti-viruses and underground monuments: resisting catastrophic urbanism in Saint Petersburg. Mute. 2 (8), 76–97.
Zukin, S. (2008) Consuming authenticity: From outposts of difference to means of exclusion. Cultural Studies. 22 (5), 724–748. Available from: doi:10.1080/09502380802245985.