Коне Ф. Роль женщин в передаче культурных знаний через обряды посвящения в Мали: между традицией и эволюцией социальных норм

Научная статья
УДК 39:316.7(662.1)
https://doi.org/10.24158/spp.2025.12.2
 
Роль женщин в передаче культурных знаний
через обряды посвящения в Мали:
между традицией и эволюцией социальных норм
 
Фатумата Коне
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,
Белгород, Россия, konefatoumata200@gmail.com
 
Аннотация. Обряды перехода являются центральным вектором передачи культурных знаний в малийских обществах. Женщины играют ключевую роль посредников и носителей знаний. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как они способствуют сохранению и передаче знаний в условиях модернизации. Исследование основано на полуструктурированных интервью с пожилыми и молодыми посвященными женщинами. Наблюдения за ритуальными церемониями в некоторых общинах позволили собрать определенные данные. Результаты показывают, что женщины обеспечивают культурную преемственность. В условиях новых социальных норм они успешно сочетают традиции и современность. Это приводит к перестройке культурных практик. Данное исследование подчеркивает центральную роль женщин в передаче культурных знаний и важность их роли в сохранении и развитии нематериального культурного наследия Мали. Оно также открывает перспективы для валоризации культурных практик и разработки соответствующей образовательной и культурной политики.
Ключевые слова: передача культурных знаний, обряды посвящения, пожилые женщины, малийское общество, социальная адаптация, нематериальное культурное наследие
Финансирование: инициативная работа.
Для цитирования: Коне Ф. Роль женщин в передаче культурных знаний через обряды посвящения в Мали: между традицией и эволюцией социальных норм // Общество: социология, психология, педагогика. 2025. № 12. С. 23–31. https://doi.org/10.24158/spp.2025.12.2.
 
Original article
 
The Role of Women in the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge
through Rites of Passage in Mali:
Between Tradition and the Evolution of Social Norms
 
Fatoumata Kone
Belgorod State National Research University,
Belgorod, Russia, konefatoumata200@gmail.com
 
Abstract. Rites of passage are a central vector for the transmission of cultural knowledge in Malian societies. Women play a key role as intermediaries and carriers of knowledge. Particular attention is paid to how they contribute to the preservation and transmission of knowledge in the context of modernization. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with older and younger female initiates. Observations of ritual ceremonies in some communities allowed us to collect certain data. The results show that women provide cultural continuity. In the context of new social norms, they successfully combine tradition and modernity. This leads to the restructuring of cultural practices. This study highlights the central role of women in the transmission of cultural knowledge and the importance of their role in the preservation and development of Mali’s intangible cultural heritage. It also opens avenues for valorizing cultural practices and developing appropriate educational and cultural policies.
Keywords: transfer of cultural knowledge, rites of passage, older women, Malian society, social adaptation, intangible cultural heritage
Funding: Independent work.
For citation: Kone F. (2025) The Role of Women in the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge through Rites of Passage in Mali: Between Tradition and the Evolution of Social Norms. Society: Sociology, Psychology, Pedagogics. (12), 23–31. Available from: doi:10.24158/spp.2025.12.2 (In Russian).

© Коне Ф., 2025

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References:
 
Appadurai, A. (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press. 229 p.
Bernard, H.R. (2017) Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 6^th ed. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. 732 p.
Bourdieu, P. (1972) Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique: Précédé de trois études d'ethnologie kabyle. Geneva. 269 p. (In French)
Bourdieu, P. (1979) La distinction. Critique sociale du jugement. Paris. 670 p. (In French)
Bowen, G.A. (2009) Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal. 9 (2), 27–40. Available from: doi:10.3316/QRJ0902027.
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3 (2), 77‒101. Available from: doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Burrow, H.M. (2023) Ritualized into adulthood: the scarcity of youth-focused rites of passage in America. Discover Global Society. 1, 22. Available from: doi:10.1007/s44282-023-00027-3.
Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York. 272 p.
Chauveau, J.-P., Colin, J.-P., Jacob, J.-P., Lavigne Delville, P. & Le Meur, P.-Y. (2006) Modes d’accès à la terre, marchés fonciers, gouvernance et politiques foncières en Afrique de l’Ouest: résultats du projet de recherche CLAIMS. Londres. 92 p. (In French)
Dembélé, M., Dia, M. & Traoré, I.S. (2022) Rites et traditions du mariage au Mali : Permanences, ruptures et impasses. Paris. 30 p. (In French)
Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2018) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. 5^th ed. Thousand Oaks. 1694 p.
Denzin, N.K. (1978) The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. New York. 306 p.
Diop, I.S. (2019) African Mythology, Femininity, and Maternity. Palgrave Macmillan. 162 p. Available from: doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24662-4.
Fardon, R., van Binsbergen, W. & van Dijk, R. (eds.) (1999) Modernity on a Shoestring: Dimensions of Globalization, Consumption and Development in Africa and Beyond. Leiden. 422 p.
Fortes, M. (1987) Religion, Morality and the Person: Essays on Tallensi Religion. Cambridge. 336 p.
Goïta, I.S., Traoré, B.M., Sidibé, S., Sidibe, D.M., Barry, K. & Sandji, O. et al. (2024) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Breastfeeding Women on Family Planning at the Kalabancoro Community Health Center (Mali). Health Sciences and Disease. 26 (1), 23‒27.
Goody, J. (1977) The Domestication of the savage mind. Cambridge. 179 p.
Guest, G., Bunce, A. & Johnson, L. (2006) How Many Interviews Are Enough? An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods. 18 (1), 59–82. Available from: doi:10.1177/1525822X05279903.
Hobsbawm, E. & Ranger, T. (eds.) (1983) The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge University Press. 320 p.
Israel, M. & Hay, I. (2006) Research Ethics for Social Scientists. London. 208 p.
Kaboré, A. (2020) Feminism in Burkinabe English Literature. Revue Africaine et Malgache de Recherche Scientifique: Littérature, Langues et Linguistique. (9), 32–49.
Levine, D.N. (2007) Visions of the Sociological Tradition. Chicago. 380 p.
Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications. 416 p.
Luneau, R. (2010) Chants de femmes au Mali. Paris. 145 p. (In French)
Mbembe, A. (2001) On the Postcolony. University of California Press. 274 p.
McConnell, B.B. & Jallow, S.O. (2022) Climate Change Adaptation in the Gambia: The Role of Kanyeleng Communication and Performance. African Studies Review. 65 (3), 692–716. Available from: doi:10.1017/asr.2022.67.
Mohanty, C.T. (2003) Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Durham; London. 300 p.
Munthali, A.C. & Zulu, E.M. (2007) The Timing and Role of Initiation Rites in Preparing Young People for Adolescence and Responsible Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour in Malawi. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 11 (3), 150–167. Available from: doi:10.2307/25549737.
Orb, A., Eisenhauer, L. & Wynaden, D. (2001) Ethics in Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 33 (1), 93–96. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00093.x.
Oyěwùmí, O. (1997) The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses. University of Minnesota Press. 229 p.
Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. & Hoagwood, K. (2015) Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 42 (5), 533–544. Available from: doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
Patton, M.Q. (2015) Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. 4^th ed. Sage Publications. 832 p.
Perianes, M.B. & Ndaferankhande, D. (2020) Becoming Female: The Role of Menarche Rituals in “Making Women” in Malawi. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies. Singapore, pp. 423–440. Available from: doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_33.
Rasmussen, S. (2020) Youth as actors and mediators in Tuareg theater and social life (Urban Niger and Mali). Ateliers d’anthropologie. (47), 1‒16. Available from: doi:10.4000/ateliers.12362.
Schroeder, E., Tallarico, R. & Bakaroudis, M. (2022) The impact of adolescent initiation rites in East and Southern Africa: Implications for policies and practices. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 27 (1), 181–192. Available from: doi:10.1080/02673843.2022.2052123.
Scott, J.W. (1986) Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis. The American Historical Review. 91 (5), 1053–1075. Available from: doi:10.2307/1864376.
Spradley, J.P. (1980) Participant Observation. New York. 195 p.
Stake, R.E. (2005) Qualitative Case Studies. In: Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. 3^rd ed. London, pp. 443–466.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 2^nd ed. Sage Publications. 336 p.
Thâalbi, A. (1937) La Tunisie martyre. Epinay-sur-Seine. 212 p. (In French)
Toulmin, S.E. (1958) The Uses of Argument. Cambridge University Press. 300 p.
Turner, V. (1969) The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago. 213 p.
Van Gennep, A. (1909) Les rites de passage. Paris. 288 p. (In French)
Yin, R.K. (2014) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 5^th ed. Thousand Oaks. 282 p.
Zempléni, A. (1985) La “maladie” et ses “causes”. L'ethnographie. 81 (96‒97), 13–44. (In French)